Transnational Mgt. Case Analysis :: essays research papers

Problem Statement   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McKinsey & Company is a highly successful consulting firm worth over 1.8 billion dollars. However, its leader Rajat Gupta wondered if the company could better utilize the knowledge of its employees to better serve its worldwide clients. It was obvious that McKinsey & Company had a strong base of core competencies among its employees, but Gupta was unsure if knowledge development was meeting its clients’ needs in an information and knowledge driven age. Clients hired McKinsey & Company expecting leading edge information from to assist them in their decision-making processes. Gupta felt a process was needed to develop, capture, and leverage this information which he considered an asset to the company. So, the task lay before them on how to accumulate and store the information quickly and make it readily available to consultants on a global scale. List of Symptoms †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McKinsey & Company desired to provide state-of-the-art knowledge to its clients but currently had no means of measuring exactly how well they were doing in developing their knowledge. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employees were not being properly developed for the new direction of the McKinsey & Company. McKinsey & Company still had the ability to provide excellent advice to its Clients. However, they were not as prepared as their competitors for dealing with the upcoming technologies of the future. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McKinsey & Company had experienced rapid growth. McKinsey & Company had 3,800 consultants in 69 offices worldwide. In its present state, the large number of employees and offices it managed actually hindered McKinsey from effectively performing its operations worldwide. Essentially, McKinsey & Company had become too large for itself under its current architecture. Alternative Solutions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McKinsey & Company did not desire to rest on its laurels and remain content with the status quo, rather they aggressively sought out to find answers to their dilemmas. They realized that being a 1.8 billion dollar company did not come easily and also that without modifications they would not remain in their top position in consulting. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (1) McKinsey & Company must implement a system of knowledge management in which the entire organization is able to benefit from the sharing of knowledge between employees. This will allow the company to benefit internally. Alternative Solution One: (2) In order to measure the results McKinsey & Company must revisit their goals to develop, capture, and leverage their knowledge to better serve their clients. Alternative Solution Two: Know the audience to be measured and what benefits they seek from their relationship with McKinsey & Company.

Leadership. Big Five personality traits Essay

After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Define leadership and contrast leadership and management. 2. Summarize the conclusions of trait theories of leadership. 3. Identify the central tenets and main limitations of behavioral theories. 4. Assess contingency theories of leadership by their level of support. 5. Compare and contrast charismatic and transformational leadership. 6. Define authentic leadership and show why effective leaders exemplify ethics and trust. 7. Demonstrate the role mentoring plays in our understanding of leadership. 8. Address challenges to the effectiveness of leadership. 9. Assess whether charismatic and transformational leadership generalize across cultures. I am more afraid of an army of 100 sheep led by a lion than an army of 100 lions led by a sheep. Talleyrand Private Equity’s Poster Boy If it’s true that â€Å"Nice guys finish last,† there is no better proof than Stephen Schwarzman, chief executive of the Blackstone Group, who says his mission in life is to â€Å"inflict pain† and â€Å"kill off† his rivals. â€Å"I want war,† he told the Wall Street Journal, â€Å"not a series of skirmishes.† And win in business he has. In 20 years, he has made Blackstone one of the most profitable—and most feared—investment groups on Wall Street, with assets approaching $200 billion. Though these are not easy times for any investment bank, Blackstone has largely avoided the pitfalls of subprime mortgages and mortgage-backed securities. Some of this strategy might be considered good fortune—Blackstone invests much more heavily in commercial than in residential real estate. However, some credit is due to Schwarzman’s foresight. As he notes, â€Å"We were cautious in the so-called golden age. We were the least aggressive of all the big firms in the first half of 2007. We were very concerned about the high prices of deals and the vast amount of liquidity fuelling the boom. . . . Things always come to an end, and when they do they end badly.† Not only is Schwarzman smart and driven; he likes  the attention his success has drawn. When he turned 60, his birthday party might have made Caligula blush. The affair was emceed by comedian Martin Short. Rod Stewart performed. Marvin Hamlisch put on a number from A Chorus Line. Singer Patti LaBelle led the Abyssinian Baptist Church choir in a song about Schwarzman. Who staged this event? Schwarzman himself! When Blackstone executives prepared a video tribute to him to be played at the event, Schwarzman intervened to squelch any roasting or other jokes played at his expense. Schwarzman owns residences in Manhattan (a 35-room Park Avenue triplex, for which he paid $37 million), in the Hamptons (a Federal-style house, for which he paid $34 million), in Palm Beach (a 13,000-square-foot mansion, which, at $20.5 million, is the slum of the bunch), in Saint-Tropez, and in Jamaica. â€Å"I love houses,† Schwarzman says. The New Yorker called him â€Å"the designated villain of an era . . . of heedless self-indulgence.† As you might imagine, Schwarzman is not the easiest guy to work for. While sunning himself at his Palm Beach estate, he complained that an employee wasn’t wearing the proper black shoes with his uniform. On another occasion, he reportedly fired a Blackstone executive for the sound his nose made when he breathed. Given his success, his lifestyle, and his combative personality, you might imagine Schwarzman is immune to the ridicule, resentment, and criticism he receives. â€Å"How does it feel?† he asked, and then answered his own question: â€Å"Unattractive. No thinking person wants to be reduced to a caricature.†1 As Blackstone’s Stephen Schwarzman shows, leaders often are not like other people. But what makes them so? Intelligence? Drive? Luck? A certain leadership style? These are some of the questions we’ll tackle in this chapter. To assess yourself on another set of qualities that we’ll discuss shortly, take the following self-assessment. In this chapter, we look at what makes an effective leader and what differentiates leaders from nonleaders. First, we present trait theories, which dominated the study of leadership up to the late 1940s. Then we discuss behavioral theories, popular until the late 1960s. Next, we introduce contingency and interactive theories. Finally, we discuss the most contemporary approaches: charismatic, transformational, and authentic leadership. But first, let’s clarify what we mean by leadership. Self-Assessment Library: What’s My Leadership Style? In the Self-Assessment Library (available on CD and online) take assessment II.B.1 (What’s My Leadership Style?) and answer the following questions. 1. How did you score on the two scales? 2. Do you think a leader can be both task oriented and people oriented? Do you think there are situations in which a leader has to make a choice between the two styles? 3. Do you think your leadership style will change over time? Why or why not? What Is Leadership? 1. Define leadership and contrast leadership and management. Leadership and management are often confused. What’s the difference? John Kotter of the Harvard Business School argues that management is about coping with complexity.2 Good management brings about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans, designing rigid organization structures, and monitoring results against the plans. Leadership, in contrast, is about coping with change. Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles. Although Kotter provides separate definitions of the two terms, both researchers and practicing managers frequently make no such distinctions. So we need to present leadership in a way that can capture how it is used in theory and practice. We define leadership as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals. The source of this influence may be formal, such as that provided by managerial rank in an organization. But not all leaders are managers, nor, for that matter, are all managers leaders. Just because an organization provides its managers with certain formal rights is no assurance they will lead effectively. Nonsanctioned leadership—the ability to influence that arises outside the formal structure of the organization—is often as important or more important than formal influence. In other words, leaders can emerge from within a group as well as by formal appointment. Organizations need strong leadership and strong management for optimal effectiveness. We need leaders today to challenge the status quo, create visions of the future, and  inspire organizational members to want to achieve the visions. We also need managers to formulate detailed plans, create efficient organizational structures, and oversee day-to-day operations. OB Poll: Confidence in Business Leaders Falling Source: Based on Edelman trust Barometer 2008 (http://www.edelman.com/TRUST/2008/TrustBarometer08_Final.pdf) Trait Theories Summarize the conclusions of trait theories of leadership. Throughout history, strong leaders—Buddha, Napoleon, Mao, Churchill, Roosevelt, Reagan—have been described in terms of their traits. Trait theories of leadership thus focus on personal qualities and characteristics. We recognize leaders like South Africa’s Nelson Mandela, Virgin Group CEO Richard Branson, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, and American Express chairman Ken Chenault as charismatic, enthusiastic, and courageous. The search for personality, social, physical, or intellectual attributes that differentiate leaders from nonleaders goes back to the earliest stages of leadership research. Early research efforts at isolating leadership traits resulted in a number of dead ends. A review in the late 1960s of 20 different studies identified nearly 80 leadership traits, but only 5 were common to 4 or more of the investigations.3 By the 1990s, after numerous studies and analyses, about the best we could say was that most leaders â€Å"are not like other people,† but the particular traits that characterized them varied a great deal from review to review.4 It was a pretty confusing state of affairs. A breakthrough, of sorts, came when researchers began organizing traits around the Big Five personality framework (see Chapter 5).5 Most of the dozens of traits in various leadership reviews fit under one of the Big Five (ambition and energy are part of extraversion, for instance), giving strong support to traits as predictors of leadership. The personal qualities and characteristics of Richard Branson, chairman of Virgin Group, make him a great leader. Branson is described as fun-loving, sensitive to the needs of others, hard working, innovative, charismatic, enthusiastic, energetic, decisive, and risk taking. These traits helped the British entrepreneur build one of the most recognized and respected brands in the world for products and services in the business areas of travel, entertainment, and lifestyle. Jason Kempin/FilmMagic/Getty Images, Inc. A comprehensive review of the leadership literature, when organized around the Big Five, has found extraversion to be the most important trait of effective leaders6 but more strongly related to leader emergence than to leader effectiveness. Sociable and dominant people are more likely to assert themselves in group situations, but leaders need to make sure they’re not too assertive—one study found leaders who scored very high on assertiveness were less effective than those who were moderately high.7 Unlike agreeableness and emotional stability, conscientiousness and openness to experience also showed strong relationships to leadership, though not quite as strong as extraversion. Overall, the trait approach does have something to offer. Leaders who like being around people and are able to assert themselves (extraverted), disciplined and able to keep commitments they make (conscientious), and creative and flexible (open) do have an apparent advantage when it comes to leadership, suggesting good leaders do have key traits in common. One reason is that conscientiousness and extraversion are positively related to leaders’ self-efficacy, which explained most of the variance in subordinates’ ratings of leader performance.8 People are more likely to follow someone who is confident she’s going in the right direction. Another trait that may indicate effective leadership is emotional intelligence (EI), discussed in Chapter 4. Advocates of EI argue that without it, a person can have outstanding training, a highly analytical mind, a compelling vision, and an endless supply of terrific ideas but still not make a great leader. This may be especially true as individuals move up in an organization.9 Why is EI so critical to effective leadership? A core component of EI is empathy. Empathetic leaders can sense others’ needs, listen to what followers say (and don’t say), and read the reactions of others. As one leader noted, â€Å"The caring part of empathy, especially for the people with whom you work, is what inspires people to stay with a leader when the going gets rough. The mere fact that someone cares is more often than not rewarded with loyalty.†10

Discrimination Veterans in the Workplace Essay - 1619 Words

Running head: VETERANS DISCRIMINATION 1 Discrimination: Veterans in the Workplace xxxxxxxxxxx National University HRM-439 Professor xxxxxxxxxxxx 23 December 2013 VETERANS DISCRIMINATION 2 Abstract Discrimination against veterans and those who serve in the reserve forces of the United States is prevalent and is attempted often for veterans returning from war, deployments, and training. Discrimination can also be found in the hiring of veterans and family members of veterans. Seven signs of discrimination against veterans in†¦show more content†¦The case of Justin Slaby verses Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) . Justin Slaby lost his hand during a training accident as a Army Ranger in 2004. In 2011, after passing the requirements for the FBI academy, he was accepted into the academy. Shortly after his training began, he was removed from the academy by the instructors stating that he could not fire a weapon with his prosthetic hand. It was determined that the FBI discriminated against him since they claimed he could not safely discharge a firearm with his prosthetic hand. Since Slaby only fired with his dominate hand, this was a clear case of discriminatio n and the courts ruled in favor of Slabby. The court ordered that he be allowed to resume training. (Zapotosky, 2013) Second sign, many employers do not want to hire those serving in the reserves. They are concerned that the service member may be recalled to active duty or their required military training will take them out of the workplace for extended periods of time. In these situations, the USERRA proctects the service member (Ballman, 2012). The case of Vicent E. Staub verses Proctor Hospital supports USERRA’s protection. Staub was a Army reservist employed by Proctor Hospital. Staub’s affiliation with the Army required him to attend one drill weekend per month and participate in a 2 to 3 week active duty training period during eachShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions?1028 Words   |  4 PagesDisabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring D ecisions? When people think of affirmative action programs, they generally think of programs that give preference to candidates based on gender or race. However, one of the most vital affirmative action programs in the United States is the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program (DVAAP). Under these programs, agencies are not only required to give preferential treatment to disabled veterans, but also cultivate programsRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1045 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Leading Causes of High Unemployment Rates among U.S. Veterans† The newest face of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has manifested itself regularly into action packed movies, public scrutiny, and negative stereotypes by the media. The unfortunate truth surrounding PTSD is that employers are unenthusiastic about hiring veterans with these hidden disabilities. Unemployment rates in the United States amongst post 9/11 veterans have significantly increased and employers consider the conditionRead MoreRose To $21,000 Which Was One Of The Largest Jumps That1009 Words   |  5 PagesGap by State and Congressional District). 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Workplace Commitments 2.1 Equal Opportunity Employment This Company is an equal opportunity employer and does not unlawfully discriminate against employees or applicants for employment on the basis of an individual’s race, color, religion, creed, sex, national origin, age, disability, marital status, veteran status or any other status protected by applicable law. This policy applies to all terms, conditionsRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Discrimination And Discrimination1588 Words   |  7 Pages prejudice and discrimination occur even in places which, by definition, should be free of all personal prejudices – specifically, in offices and other business surroundings. This tragedy is called workplace discrimination; not every unfair behavior at work, however, can be assessed as discrimination. 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In accordance with this policy, all personnel decisions, includingRead MoreBUSI 642 DB 1 Essay990 Words   |  4 Pages BUSI 642: Week 2 Discussion Board 1 Liberty University Discussion Board 1 In a world that is quick to state discrimination has taken place, there is a new discrimination emerging (i.e. reverse discrimination). Is this form of discrimination really discrimination? What diversity practices would you put in place to prevent any kind of discrimination? Generally speaking, discrimination is rooted in within the â€Å"cultural fabric of the United States† along the lines of â€Å"housing, employment, health,Read MoreThe advantages of hiring disabled worke Essay example1430 Words   |  6 Pagesrisk for unemployment and extremely prone to living in poverty, according to The International Labor Organization. The major contributing factors of this employment challenge can be attributed to the disadvantages a disabled person faces in the workplace, as well as the struggles employers make to accommodate these workers’ disabilities. What is largely misunderstood is that the advantages of hiring a disabled person can largely outweigh the disadvantages. Some of the major advantages of hiringRead MoreAffirmative Action Are Effective Models For Younger Members Of Their Race1519 Words   |  7 Pagesthe people who find or put themselves in the right place at the right time (Thomas, Jr, 1990). This is also a valid viewpoint. Not everyone who is a placed into the workforce because of affirmative action can be a viable example of overcoming discrimination. Those people did not have to work as hard to become a leader in the company because they had more of an advantage than White workers. Companies that receive government aid are forced to allow racial minorities, women, and disabled workers aRead MoreNon Discrimination Policies Of The Home Depot Company Essay782 Words   |  4 Pages Non-Discrimination Policy Name: Course Name: Course Instructor: Date of Submission: Non-Discrimination Policy Companies that discriminate on basis of a host of job-irrelevant issues, comprising race, sexual orientation, gender, disability, age and ethnicity put themselves at a competitive disadvantage as opposed to companies that appraise employees solely on their credentials and qualifications to work well. Given the high rates of discrimination encountering the workforce

The Death of Abraham Lincoln - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1760 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Politics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The Death of Abraham Lincoln The death of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was traumatizing to our nation. It was an event that required depth of knowledge and understanding to fathom, and this includes the story itself, the reasoning for the occurrence, and the effect it had on our nation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Death of Abraham Lincoln" essay for you Create order April 16th, 1865 is a day in history marked by tragedy and regret[1]. As we delve into this catastrophic event of our nations past we must understand how it all came to be, how it all came down, and the scar it left on our country in the times following. Remembered as an excellent politician and an esteemed and authoritative leader in times of crisis, Abraham Lincoln is often considered one of the greatest presidents in the history of the United States. While he is admired today, in Lincolns own time, public opinion of him was varied and in April of 1865, he was assassinated by a Confederate sympathizer, sending shockwaves throughout American society. His views on slavery and plans to abolish it him created controversy over whether he would be a strong leader to our nation or a catalyst to our destruction. Abraham Lincoln is known today as one of the most well known presidents. Although he was just the 16th, what he accomplished in his short presidency was substantial and his overwhe lming kindness and appeal to the public worked for him. He had a gentle nature and an open mind, always giving people a chance and the benefit of the doubt. These characteristics are what made his untimely death so hard to fathom. A great family member, friend, leader and person was assassinated and the country was left to suffer. His capacity to listen to differing points of views made him and open-minded and educated leader[2]. This quality not only made him a strong mentor but respected by many nations around us. The shock of his assassination echoed throughout the U.S. and effected its inhabitants. The days after were dark and different. Andrew Johnson acquired this position under oath and was sworn in as the new president. Although he was no Lincoln, he had the same views and preached the same ideals as the former president had and he did his best to fill his shoes how he saw fit. The citizens were still mourning over the loss of their mentor and those pardoned and freed by his leadership felt as if they had lost an eminent figure in their life, somebody who they had relied on a time of need. The loss of this great president will forever have an effect on us as he shaped how America has become today. The story of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln is one of depth and confusion about how anybody could do such a thing. April 14th, 1865 was the day. Him and his wife had plans later that evening to attend a play at Fords theater with general Ulysses S. Grant. However, Grant and his wife ended up canceling later. Lincolns life was put into consideration now that the threat against it was now much more serious. Major Henry Rathbone and his wife then ended up joining them to compensate for their early companions. Lincoln rejected offers from extra guards as they feared for his safety. The thought of a rebel shooting him was too possible and they had to take the regular precautions. However, Lincoln didnt want this, and insisted he would be alright. Lincoln and his wife took their seats in the theater. The door was not locked. During the third act, a man came in and held a derringer to the back of President Lincolns head. He proceeded to shoot him as his wife shrieked in terror[3]. The bullet punctured the left side of his brain and he died the next day. John Wilkes Booth was the man who murdered President Lincoln, and for this very reason he will forever be shunned in U.S. history[4]. Abraham Lincoln had a plan to abolish slavery from the beginning of his presidency. Slavery meant to him that human beings were being enslaved like animals and he felt this was unjust. He believed in fair and equal rights and that everybody deserved their freedom. Many citizens agreed with this, and admired his open minded ideas. Such thoughts were often kept quiet, for fear of the judgment and hazing of others. Slavery had been around for so long and nobody ever stood up to it in front of the country. Lincoln was one of the first to share his opinions with the world and to fight for it. Although this was popular with some of Americas inhabitants, it didnt bode well with some others. There was another half of the nation who resented the fact that Lincoln wanted to abolish slavery, for they simply believed that certain peoples did not earn the right to their own freedoms[5]. John Wilkes Booth was a man of the South. His views and opinions were influenced from being raised in a Southern environment. He felt that Lincoln represented ideals that he didnt necessarily agree with. It was merely a war of the North and the South and ultimately lead to Lincolns death[6]. The assassination of a president undoubtedly has major effects on a country. Such a prominent figure is hard to replace, and a nation in mourning makes the job that much harder. Everyone had suffered a great loss, including the Lincoln family, that could not be fixed. No matter your views or ideals, the situation worked out negatively. Although the North had been an avid supporter of Lincoln in the late days of his presidency, they were not the only ones to be negatively affected by his untimely death. The South suffered a loss too. They lacked the support of a president who had advocated treatment post-Civil War. Although they might not agree with his ideals this was devastating to its own degree. Andrew Johnson was obligated to rise to the occasion as he was Vice President and in the event of a Presidential death, he was to take office. As the new President, he had similar views. He was later impeached due to his inability to be a productive and qualified President. The southern reaction to the death of Abraham Lincoln wasnt as demonstrative as the it was in the North but it was still existent. They had appointed official periods of mourning and religious leaders held memorial services for the fallen president. Johnson also had infamous distaste for the South, so Lincolns assassination was no win for them as Andrew Johnson was in fact loathed mor e than Abraham Lincoln ever was[7]. Any death can effect a lot of people. This applies no matter the importance of a person. Death is a tragic occurrence and never fails to effect those close to it. The death of President Abraham Lincoln was no different. An entire nation suffered a loss of one of their most prominent leaders. A man who abolished slavery once and for all and who had been the face of the United States had fallen and such a traumatic event was more than what would meet the eye. This happening includes a story, a reason, and an aftermath. Although the wars between the North and the South altogether ended Lincolns life, both sides were effected negatively. The North lost a man who represented their ideals and stood up for what they believed. They had a power player who was able to take the right steps into advancing as an open-minded nation, whilst the South ended up with a new president in which they resented. Andrew Johnson was extremely disliked in the South for his infamous views on plantation owners and Southerners in general. His obvious disregard for these people created turmoil when he became president. No side won, and this proves that Booth did not kill Lincoln for the South, but for himself. Such a broadcasted death created ripples of change and effect. Abraham Lincolns death lead a nation wary under the leadership of Andrew Johnson (Who was soon impeached). The South even had appointed official periods of mourning for the loss of the president. Although the north had been notorious for its support for Lincoln in his late presidency, they were not the only ones who suffered a great deal. It was a lose-lose situation and Booths intentions are still unjustified and unknown today. Nothing was accomplished and a simple act of hate caused an irreparable effect on everybody involved. The act was unjust and unsupported, and not entirely understood. The story was spread across the country of their presidents fatality. He had been at a play and was violently shot in front of his wife during the third act. Fords Theater would forever remain as a landmark of tragedy and loss. This was a time of confusion and grief. The Lincoln Assassination today is still one of the most well-known assassinations of all time. It has been taught in U.S. History classes for decades and will never be forgotten. Abraham Lincoln will forever be remembered as a powerful and fair leader, and his death will always mourned. Works Cited The Death of President Lincoln, 1865.The Death of President Lincoln, 1865. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. 10 Qualities That Made Abraham Lincoln a Great Leader.10 Qualities That Made Abraham Lincoln a Great Leader. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. The Death of President Lincoln, 1865.The Death of President Lincoln, 1865. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. President Abraham Lincoln Assassination.President Abraham Lincoln Assassination. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. What Events Led to Lincolns Assassination?The Gil der Lehrman Institute of American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy.Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. Harrell.html.Harrell.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. [1] The Death of President Lincoln, 1865.The Death of President Lincoln, 1865. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. [2] 10 Qualities That Made Abraham Lincoln a Great Leader.10 Qualities That Made Abraham Lincoln a Great Leader. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. [3] The Death of President Lincoln, 1865.The Death of President Lincoln, 1865. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. [4] President Abraham Lincoln Assassination.President Abraham Lincoln Assassination. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. [5] What Events Led to Lincolns Assassination?The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. [6] Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy.Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. [7] Harrell.html.Harrell.html. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012.

How The Print Revolution Has Affected The Practice Of...

The development of the print revolution has affected the practice of orality and oral traditions (Bagchi 2012). This essay will firstly discuss the development of print, in particular the revolution of the printing press, and secondly explain the impacts of the print revolution on oral traditions in the indigenous Australian tribes. The medium and meaning theory will be applied and discussed, which will allow for a stronger supporting argument. This is in relation to both medium and meaning theories. The medium theory discusses how a media can be influential in information growth, both physically and psychologically with technological changes occurring (Ellis 2009). Printing technology and orality’s are both in relation to the medium theory. The medium theory relates to printing technologies and orality’s as firstly, printing technology particularly relating to the printing press has changed communication in society as the technologies have caused an impact on human communication when they were introduced. Secondly, orality’s or oral traditions relate to the medium theory as the oral traditions by the indigenous Australians have been passed down and changed from one generation to another, which is still occurring in todays society. The meaning theories relate to oral culture and tradition, the theory states the act of speaking is communal, almost magical and the meanings are inspirable. In the pre print technology revolution era, which was pre fifteenth century, oral

The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano Book Review Free Essays

Compare the 18th century African slave trade to a game of checkers. Played on a checkered board of 64 opposing colors, the object of checkers is to capture or block all the men of an opponent. Careful planning of attack and defense are key elements to winning. We will write a custom essay sample on The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano Book Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano does more than just detail the experiences of a former African slave, it sets forth the play sequence between the various players engaged in the slave trade, the emotions involved, the effects and consequences on the players, and the future of the game if it were allowed to continue. Equiano experienced life as a slave on several continents. He endured the torment of the Middle Passage and the various physical and emotional insults and tortures, which came as a result of bondage to another individual. These descriptions are important in establishing the primary players in the slave game. The first is the African player and the other is the White player represented by both Europeans and Americans. The beginning descriptions of Equiano’s tribal life are instrumental in understanding the nature of the African player. Equiano perceives the difference in the African way of life versus that of the European as merely one of time. The Africans have not had the time to learn and grow as the Europeans have. Equiano maintains the notion that existing in a different state of being does not give the European the right to take advantage of their situation in order to promote their own welfare. â€Å"Let the polished and haughty European recollect that his ancestors were once, like the African, uncivilized, and even barbarous. Let such reflections as these melt the pride of their superiority into sympathy for the wants and miseries of their sable brethren and compel them to acknowledge that understanding is not confined to feature or color. Equiano uses scripture to support his idea that all men were created the same and merely existed in different states of progression. The majority of Europeans did not share Equiano’s views. As a result the rules of the game changed for the Europeans who viewed themselves as superior to that of the African. These views were responsible for the horrors, which many Africans f aced in slavery. Even those Europeans who tried to treat slaves with respect could not escape the economic benefits slavery provided them. As a result the European was held captive by his own desire to win rather than to play fair. The European plan of attack was ruthless and he felt he had nothing to fear from the African. Equiano writes that these feelings on the part of the European ate away at the salvation of the European soul. Slavery affected not only the body of the African but also their hope. Equiano describes men in his company who would rather jump off a ship and perish in the sea than endure the atrocities of the Middle Passage. Even those Africans who were granted freedom still suffered the abuse of slavery. After a horrifying incident aboard the London slave ship the Zong, Equiano, a free man at the time, wrote of the courts â€Å"he saw no help in them, nor by the law. † Not only was the incident aboard the Zong an example of the horrors that existed when people were treated as property but served as an example of how the ideas of superiority on the part of the English served to strike a blow at the hope of the African. The recurring theme of religion in Equiano’s narrative is important in understanding that one’s actions cannot escape the judgment and eye of God. Equiano felt comfort and solace in the doctrines of Christianity. It was a force that comforted him when his duties of a slave almost destroyed him and his inability to be treated as an equal when free mystified him. In true Christianity Equiano also saw hope for the Europeans who were losing their souls to the slave trade. In an address of thanks to the Quakers in Grace Church Court, Equiano states that by lifting the burdens of the Negroes there might be in â€Å"some measure, be the possible means, under God, of saving the souls of many of the oppressors. In the checker game of the slave trade, the Europeans did not realize that their men were being lost. They felt they were winning the game in regards to economics. Equiano alerted the reader to the cost the European was paying for their grasp on wealth and prosperity. Equiano’s notion that men can only be saved through a combination of faith, works and grace is important in understanding the effects of the trade upon the future of the game. Equiano recognized that there were no lasting winners in the slave trade. The Europeans were losing the game because they failed to see the eternal consequences of their actions. Equiano believed that the European could still prosper economically without the slave trade if the right plan were to be put into effect. This plan would benefit all involved. Equiano fight for the abolishment of slavery was the tip of the iceberg in his quest. He called for a change of attitude in regards to race relations. He believed this would be the ultimate step in restoring the dignity of all involved. Equiano had seen first hand that many Europeans still viewed Africans as property even when they were free and treated them as such. Equiano knew that merely breaking the chains of slavery was not enough to make its effect disappear. Just as men needed all components of the faith – grace equation to be saved, those involved in the slave trade needed a change in attitude to prevail in order to restore hope and eternal relationships. Equiano wrote, â€Å"After all what makes any event important, unless by its observation we become better and wiser, and learn to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly before God? . Equiano’s narrative teaches us that in order for individuals to truly win they must not compete against one another nor capture or enslave based on the notion of race. Instead they should look for ways to work together to find and enjoy the treasures of wisdom and salvation Equiano believed were available to all. I believe in Equiano’s message. It w as one of powerful humility and quite visionary for his time. He was no ordinary man as he claims. His insights into his experiences and encounters with both players of the slave trade reflected a depth of understanding no money could buy. His ability to shed light on the emotions of all players involved opened my eyes to the various sides of the slave trade of the time. His message is applicable not only to these aspects of slave trade of the 18th century but also to other concepts of World History past and present. It is important to recognize and understand the concept that when we fail to recognize the importance of others and try to dominate rather than cooperate the only winner of the game is disaster and heartache. How to cite The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano Book Review, Essays

Religious Education Rationale Essay Sample free essay sample

Evangelization is the primary ground for the being of Catholic Schools ( PCP II. 628 ) following the bid to â€Å"Make adherents of all nations†¦ Teach them to transport out everything I have commanded you† ( Mt. 28-19-20 ) Evangelization is the entire mission of the Catholic Church in conveying the Good News of redemption to all strata of humanity. and through its influence. transforming humanity from within and doing it new ( Evangelii Nuntiandi 18 ) . Religious Education is an academic and systematic topic. in so far as it is a legitimate subject taught in the school and is ordered towards a broader end of built-in instruction. It is functioning the end of Catechesis that is â€Å"to bring people. non merely in touch. but in familiarity. in Communion with the individual of Jesus Christ. † Beyond teaching the religion. it should besides assist its scholars develop accomplishments necessary for a life of discipleship. The push of Notre Dame of Marbel University is doing Religious Education as the Core of the Curriculum. We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Education Rationale Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Basically. it means the conveying about of the synthesis of religion and civilization. the integrating of Faith and Life. In the hope to do Religious Education a powerful agencies of Evangelization to the immature people of today. R. E. needs to supply its pupils with more chances to supplement their learning experience in the schoolroom – chances for practical application of their survey in existent life in the context of a Christian Community. Hence. the creative activity of R. E pastoral Integration Program. This plan will prosecute the pupils in an existent integrating of the Gospel message and life practice. so as to develop them as Young Evangelizers. To cite Article 650 of the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines. â€Å"THE GREATEST RESOURCE OF THE CHURCH FOR EVANGELIZATION ARE THE YOUNG PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES. †